Python pip 常用命令汇总

使用了这么就pip命令，但是一直是简单使用，很多命令都是用了查，查了用，今天把常用的命令汇总一下，方便使用。

命令：

pip

由上图可以看到 pip 支持一下命令

Commands:
 install           Install packages.
 download          Download packages.
 uninstall          Uninstall packages.
 freeze           Output installed packages in requirements format.
 list            List installed packages.
 show            Show information about installed packages.
 check            Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.
 search           Search PyPI for packages.
 wheel            Build wheels from your requirements.
 hash            Compute hashes of package archives.
 completion         A helper command used for command completion.
 help            Show help for commands.

General Options:
 -h, --help         Show help.
 --isolated         Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring
               environment variables and user configuration.
 -v, --verbose        Give more output. Option is additive, and can be
               used up to 3 times.
 -V, --version        Show version and exit.
 -q, --quiet         Give less output. Option is additive, and can be
               used up to 3 times (corresponding to WARNING,
               ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels).
 --log <path>        Path to a verbose appending log.
 --proxy <proxy>       Specify a proxy in the form
               [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
 --retries <retries>     Maximum number of retries each connection should
               attempt (default 5 times).
 --timeout <sec>       Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
 --exists-action <action>  Default action when a path already exists:
               (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup, (a)bort.
 --trusted-host <hostname>  Mark this host as trusted, even though it does
               not have valid or any HTTPS.
 --cert <path>        Path to alternate CA bundle.
 --client-cert <path>    Path to SSL client certificate, a single file
               containing the private key and the certificate
               in PEM format.
 --cache-dir <dir>      Store the cache data in <dir>.
 --no-cache-dir       Disable the cache.
 --disable-pip-version-check
               Don't periodically check PyPI to determine
               whether a new version of pip is available for
               download. Implied with --no-index.

1、install

pip install
You must give at least one requirement to install (see "pip help install")

所以这里可以直接使用一下命令实现在线安装

pip install <包名> 或 pip install -r requirements.txt

通过使用== >= <= > <来指定版本，不写则安装最新版

requirements.txt内容格式为：

APScheduler==2.1.2
Django==1.5.4
MySQL-Connector-Python==2.0.1
MySQL-python==1.2.3
PIL==1.1.7
South==1.0.2
django-grappelli==2.6.3
django-pagination==1.0.7

安装本地安装包

pip install <目录>/<文件名> 或 pip install --use-wheel --no-index --find-links=wheelhouse/ <包名>

2、uninstall

卸载安装包

pip uninstall <包名> 或 pip uninstall -r requirements.txt

升级包

pip install -U <包名>

或：pip install <包名> --upgrade

升级pip

pip install -U pip

或

使用pip安装插件的时候报错：

You are using pip version 8.1.1, however version 9.0.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.

升级命令： python -m pip install --upgrade pip

3、freeze

pip freeze,查看已经安装的包及版本信息。

导出到指定文件中，如图，注意 “ > ”，文件名称随意。常见按第二种写法。

4、list

查询可升级的包

pip list -o

5、show

显示包所在目录及信息

6、search

搜索包

pip search <搜索关键字>

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