分享10个常见的JavaScript前端手写功能
目录
- 1、防抖
- 2、节流
- 3、深拷贝
- 4、手写 Promise
- 5、异步控制并发数
- 6、继承
- 7、数组排序
- 8、数组去重
- 9、获取 url 参数
- 10、事件总线 | 发布订阅模式
1、防抖
function debounce(fn, delay) { let timer return function (...args) { if (timer) { clearTimeout(timer) } timer = setTimeout(() => { fn.apply(this, args) }, delay) } } // 测试 function task() { console.log('run task') } const debounceTask = debounce(task, 1000) window.addEventListener('scroll', debounceTask)
2、节流
function throttle(fn, delay) { let last = 0 // 上次触发时间 return (...args) => { const now = Date.now() if (now - last > delay) { last = now fn.apply(this, args) } } } // 测试 function task() { console.log('run task') } const throttleTask = throttle(task, 1000) window.addEventListener('scroll', throttleTask)
3、深拷贝
function deepClone(obj, cache = new WeakMap()) { if (obj === null || typeof obj !== 'object') return obj if (obj instanceof Date) return new Date(obj) if (obj instanceof RegExp) return new RegExp(obj) if (cache.get(obj)) return cache.get(obj) // 如果出现循环引用,则返回缓存的对象,防止递归进入死循环 let cloneObj = new obj.constructor() // 使用对象所属的构造函数创建一个新对象 cache.set(obj, cloneObj) // 缓存对象,用于循环引用的情况 for (let key in obj) { if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) { cloneObj[key] = deepClone(obj[key], cache) // 递归拷贝 } } return cloneObj } // 测试 const obj = { name: 'Jack', address: { x: 100, y: 200 } } obj.a = obj // 循环引用 const newObj = deepClone(obj) console.log(newObj.address === obj.address) // false
4、手写 Promise
class MyPromise { constructor(executor) { this.status = 'pending' // 初始状态为等待 this.value = null // 成功的值 this.reason = null // 失败的原因 this.onFulfilledCallbacks = [] // 成功的回调函数存放的数组 this.onRejectedCallbacks = [] // 失败的回调函数存放的数组 let resolve = value => { if (this.status === 'pending') { this.status = 'fulfilled' this.value = value; this.onFulfilledCallbacks.forEach(fn => fn()) // 调用成功的回调函数 } } let reject = reason => { if (this.status === 'pending') { this.status = 'rejected' this.reason = reason this.onRejectedCallbacks.forEach(fn => fn()) // 调用失败的回调函数 } }; try { executor(resolve, reject) } catch (err) { reject(err) } } then(onFulfilled, onRejected) { // onFulfilled如果不是函数,则修改为函数,直接返回value onFulfilled = typeof onFulfilled === 'function' ? onFulfilled : value => value // onRejected如果不是函数,则修改为函数,直接抛出错误 onRejected = typeof onRejected === 'function' ? onRejected : err => { throw err } return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => { if (this.status === 'fulfilled') { setTimeout(() => { try { let x = onFulfilled(this.value); x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : resolve(x) } catch (err) { reject(err) } }) } if (this.status === 'rejected') { setTimeout(() => { try { let x = onRejected(this.reason) x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : resolve(x) } catch (err) { reject(err) } }) } if (this.status === 'pending') { this.onFulfilledCallbacks.push(() => { // 将成功的回调函数放入成功数组 setTimeout(() => { let x = onFulfilled(this.value) x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : resolve(x) }) }) this.onRejectedCallbacks.push(() => { // 将失败的回调函数放入失败数组 setTimeout(() => { let x = onRejected(this.reason) x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : resolve(x) }) }) } }) } } // 测试 function p1() { return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => { setTimeout(resolve, 1000, 1) }) } function p2() { return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => { setTimeout(resolve, 1000, 2) }) } p1().then(res => { console.log(res) // 1 return p2() }).then(ret => { console.log(ret) // 2 })
5、异步控制并发数
function limitRequest(urls = [], limit = 3) { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { const len = urls.length let count = 0 // 同时启动limit个任务 while (limit > 0) { start() limit -= 1 } function start() { const url = urls.shift() // 从数组中拿取第一个任务 if (url) { axios.post(url).then(res => { // todo }).catch(err => { // todo }).finally(() => { if (count == len - 1) { // 最后一个任务完成 resolve() } else { // 完成之后,启动下一个任务 count++ start() } }) } } }) } // 测试 limitRequest(['http://xxa', 'http://xxb', 'http://xxc', 'http://xxd', 'http://xxe'])
6、继承
ES5继承(寄生组合继承)
function Parent(name) { this.name = name } Parent.prototype.eat = function () { console.log(this.name + ' is eating') } function Child(name, age) { Parent.call(this, name) this.age = age } Child.prototype = Object.create(Parent.prototype) Child.prototype.contructor = Child // 测试 let xm = new Child('xiaoming', 12) console.log(xm.name) // xiaoming console.log(xm.age) // 12 xm.eat() // xiaoming is eating
ES6继承:
class Parent { constructor(name) { this.name = name } eat() { console.log(this.name + ' is eating') } } class Child extends Parent { constructor(name, age) { super(name) this.age = age } } // 测试 let xm = new Child('xiaoming', 12) console.log(xm.name) // xiaoming console.log(xm.age) // 12 xm.eat() // xiaoming is eating
7、数组排序
sort 排序:
// 对数字进行排序,简写 const arr = [3, 2, 4, 1, 5] arr.sort((a, b) => a - b) console.log(arr) // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] // 对字母进行排序,简写 const arr = ['b', 'c', 'a', 'e', 'd'] arr.sort() console.log(arr) // ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
冒泡排序:
function bubbleSort(arr) { let len = arr.length for (let i = 0; i < len - 1; i++) { // 从第一个元素开始,比较相邻的两个元素,前者大就交换位置 for (let j = 0; j < len - 1 - i; j++) { if (arr[j] > arr[j + 1]) { let num = arr[j] arr[j] = arr[j + 1] arr[j + 1] = num } } // 每次遍历结束,都能找到一个最大值,放在数组最后 } return arr } //测试 console.log(bubbleSort([2, 3, 1, 5, 4])) // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
8、数组去重
Set 去重:
const newArr = [...new Set(arr)] // 或 const newArr = Array.from(new Set(arr))
indexOf 去重:
function resetArr(arr) { let res = [] arr.forEach(item => { if (res.indexOf(item) === -1) { res.push(item) } }) return res } // 测试 const arr = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3] console.log(resetArr(arr)) // [1, 2, 3]
9、获取 url 参数
URLSearchParams 方法:
// 创建一个URLSearchParams实例 const urlSearchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); // 把键值对列表转换为一个对象 const params = Object.fromEntries(urlSearchParams.entries());
split 方法:
function getParams(url) { const res = {} if (url.includes('?')) { const str = url.split('?')[1] const arr = str.split('&') arr.forEach(item => { const key = item.split('=')[0] const val = item.split('=')[1] res[key] = decodeURIComponent(val) // 解码 }) } return res } // 测试 const user = getParams('http://www.baidu.com?user=%E9%98%BF%E9%A3%9E&age=16') console.log(user) // { user: '阿飞', age: '16' }
10、事件总线 | 发布订阅模式
class EventEmitter { constructor() { this.cache = {} } on(name, fn) { if (this.cache[name]) { this.cache[name].push(fn) } else { this.cache[name] = [fn] } } off(name, fn) { const tasks = this.cache[name] if (tasks) { const index = tasks.findIndex((f) => f === fn || f.callback === fn) if (index >= 0) { tasks.splice(index, 1) } } } emit(name, once = false) { if (this.cache[name]) { // 创建副本,如果回调函数内继续注册相同事件,会造成死循环 const tasks = this.cache[name].slice() for (let fn of tasks) { fn(); } if (once) { delete this.cache[name] } } } } // 测试 const eventBus = new EventEmitter() const task1 = () => { console.log('task1'); } const task2 = () => { console.log('task2'); } eventBus.on('task', task1) eventBus.on('task', task2) eventBus.off('task', task1) setTimeout(() => { eventBus.emit('task') // task2 }, 1000)
以上就是工作或求职中最常见的手写功能
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