ASP.NET MVC3手把手教你构建Web

开发工具：VS2010+MSSQL2005,需要使用MVC3.0

环境配置

第一步：到官方网站下载MVC3,提供了简体中文。先安装 AspNetMVC3ToolsUpdateSetup.exe，然后安装AspNetMVC3ToolsUpdateVS11Setup.exe

http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?displaylang=en&id=1491

第二步：新建数据库，创建测试表。然后往表里insert些测试数据

USE [yanComdb]
GO
/****** 对象: Table [dbo].[NewsEntity] 脚本日期: 03/12/2012 22:03:59 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[NewsEntity](
 [NId] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
 [Title] [nvarchar](100) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NOT NULL,
 [Information] [text] COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL,
 [Time] [datetime] NOT NULL CONSTRAINT [DF_NewsEntity_Time] DEFAULT (getdate()),
 CONSTRAINT [PK_NewsEntity] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
 [NId] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY] TEXTIMAGE_ON [PRIMARY] 

构建列表页面

第一步：打开VS,新建选择MVC3 web应用程序，输入项目名称以及目录

第二步：创建NewsEntity类，本文使用自己手写实体类(没有使用LinqtoSql,EF等orm)

[TableAttribute("NewsEntity")]//这行很重要，因为mvc框架默认去db中找类名复数的表名
 public class NewsEntity
 {
  [Key]//设置主键
  public int NId { get; set; } 

  [StringLength(100)]//设置验证信息
  [Required(ErrorMessage="标题不能为空")]
  [DisplayName("标题")]
  public string Title { get; set; } 

  [Required(ErrorMessage = "正文必须填写")]
  [DisplayName("正文")]
  public string Information { get; set; } 

  public DateTime Time { get; set; }
 } 

第三步：配置数据库连接字符，注意此处的name对应下一步中创建的类名。

<connectionStrings>
<add name="ProjectEntity" connectionString="Data Source=ip;Initial Catalog=yanComdb;Persist Security Info=True;User ID=;Password="
providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
</connectionStrings>

第四步：创建ProjectEntity类，需要继承DbContext

public class ProjectEntity : DbContext
 {
  public DbSet<NewsEntity> NewsEntity { get; set; }
 }

第五步：新建Controller,

ProjectEntity PE = new ProjectEntity();
  public ActionResult News()
  {
   try
   {
    var list = PE.NewsEntity.ToList();
    return View(list);
   }
   catch (Exception e)
   {
    throw e;
   }
  }

第六步：在News上右键，新建视图。勾选“创建强类型视图”，选择NewsEntity,支架模块选择List

添加后，cshtml代码如下：

@model IEnumerable<TaiQiu.Models.NewsEntity>
@{
 ViewBag.Title = "后台新闻管理列表";
 Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_MLayout.cshtml";
}
<h2>
 新闻列表</h2>
<p>
 @Html.ActionLink("添加", "Create")
</p>
<table>
 <tr>
  <th width="50px">
   ID
  </th>
  <th width="300px">
   标题
  </th>
  <th width="150px">
   时间
  </th>
  <th>
  </th>
 </tr>
 @foreach (var item in Model)
 {
  <tr>
   <td>
    @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.NId)
   </td>
   <td>
    @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.Title)
   </td>
   <td>
    @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.Time)
   </td>
   <td>
    @Html.ActionLink("编辑", "EditNews", new { id = item.NId }) |
    @Html.ActionLink("删除", "DeleteNews", new { id=item.NId })
   </td>
  </tr>
 }
</table>

运行后效果图如下：

到此，第一个列表页面就完成了(未涉及分页，后续会更新)。关于添加，修改，删除也就很容易了。

添加Controller代码：

[HttpPost]
  [ValidateInput(false)]
  public ActionResult Create(NewsEntity news)
  {
   if (ModelState.IsValid)
   {
    news.Time = DateTime.Now;
    PE.NewsEntity.Add(news);
    try
    {
     PE.SaveChanges();
     return RedirectToAction("News");
    }
    catch (Exception e)
    {
     throw e;
    } 

   }
   return View();
  }

添加页面：

@model TaiQiu.Models.NewsEntity
@{
 ViewBag.Title = "添加新闻";
 Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_MLayout.cshtml";
}
<h2>
 添加新闻</h2>
<script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.validate.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.validate.unobtrusive.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/kindeditor/kindeditor.js")" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/kindeditor/lang/zh_CN.js")" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
  var editor;
  KindEditor.ready(function (K) {
   editor = K.create('textarea[name="Information"]', {
    allowFileManager: true
   });
  });
</script>
@using (Html.BeginForm())
{
 @Html.ValidationSummary(true)
 <fieldset>
  <legend>News</legend>
  <div class="editor-label">
   @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Title)
  </div>
  <div class="editor-field">
   @Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.Title, new { style = "width:500px" })
   @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Title)
  </div>
  <div class="editor-label">
   @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Information)
  </div>
  <div class="editor-field">
   @Html.TextAreaFor(model => model.Information, new { style="width:800px;height:400px"})
   @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Information)
  </div>
  <p>
   <input type="submit" value="Create" />
  </p>
 </fieldset>
}
<div>
 @Html.ActionLink("返回列表", "Index")
</div> 

修改页面一样，Controller稍微有点修改：

[HttpPost]
  [ValidateInput(false)]
  public ActionResult EditNews(NewsEntity news)
  {
   if (ModelState.IsValid)
   {
    news.Time = DateTime.Now;
    PE.Entry(news).State = EntityState.Modified;//修改
    PE.SaveChanges();
    return RedirectToAction("News");
   }
   return View(news);
  }

删除Controller代码：

public ActionResult DeleteNews(int id)
  {
   var model = PE.NewsEntity.Find(id);
   PE.NewsEntity.Remove(model);
   PE.SaveChanges();
   return RedirectToAction("News");
  }

小编刚接触MVC3,本文也只是本人学习中的一点点积累，有很多不好的地方，希望大家多提意思。