用JAVA 设计生成二维码详细教程

教你一步一步用 java 设计生成二维码

在物联网的时代，二维码是个很重要的东西了，现在无论什么东西都要搞个二维码标志，唯恐落伍，就差人没有用二维码识别了。也许有一天生分证或者户口本都会用二维码识别了。今天心血来潮，看见别人都为自己的博客添加了二维码，我也想搞一个测试一下.

主要用来实现两点：

1. 生成任意文字的二维码.

2. 在二维码的中间加入图像.

一、准备工作。

准备QR二维码3.0 版本的core包和一张jpg图片。

下载QR二维码包。

首先得下载 zxing.jar 包, 我这里用的是3.0 版本的core包

下载地址: 现在已经迁移到了github: https://github.com/zxing/zxing/wiki/Getting-Started-Developing,

当然你也可以从maven仓库下载jar 包: http://central.maven.org/maven2/com/google/zxing/core/

二、程序设计

1、启动eclipse，新建一个java项目，命好项目名（本例取名为QRCodeSoft）。点下一步：

2、导入zxing.jar 包, 我这里用的是3.0 版本的core包：点“添加外部JAR(X)…”。

3、新建两个类，分别是：

BufferedImageLuminanceSource.java

QRCodeUtil.java

关键代码在于：BufferedImageLuminanceSource.java 和QRCodeUtil.java , 其中测试的main 方法位于 QRCodeUtil.java 中。

BufferedImageLuminanceSource.java程序代码：

package com.yihaomen.barcode;

import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;

import com.google.zxing.LuminanceSource;

public class BufferedImageLuminanceSource extends LuminanceSource {
	private final BufferedImage image;
	private final int left;
	private final int top;

	public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image) {
		this(image, 0, 0, image.getWidth(), image.getHeight());
	}

	public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image, int left,
			int top, int width, int height) {
		super(width, height);

		int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();
		int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();
		if (left + width > sourceWidth || top + height > sourceHeight) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException(
					"Crop rectangle does not fit within image data.");
		}

		for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++) {
			for (int x = left; x < left + width; x++) {
				if ((image.getRGB(x, y) & 0xFF000000) == 0) {
					image.setRGB(x, y, 0xFFFFFFFF); // = white
				}
			}
		}

		this.image = new BufferedImage(sourceWidth, sourceHeight,
				BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
		this.image.getGraphics().drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);
		this.left = left;
		this.top = top;
	}

	public byte[] getRow(int y, byte[] row) {
		if (y < 0 || y >= getHeight()) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException(
					"Requested row is outside the image: " + y);
		}
		int width = getWidth();
		if (row == null || row.length < width) {
			row = new byte[width];
		}
		image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top + y, width, 1, row);
		return row;
	}

	public byte[] getMatrix() {
		int width = getWidth();
		int height = getHeight();
		int area = width * height;
		byte[] matrix = new byte[area];
		image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top, width, height, matrix);
		return matrix;
	}

	public boolean isCropSupported() {
		return true;
	}

	public LuminanceSource crop(int left, int top, int width, int height) {
		return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image, this.left + left,
				this.top + top, width, height);
	}

	public boolean isRotateSupported() {
		return true;
	}

	public LuminanceSource rotateCounterClockwise() {
		int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();
		int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();
		AffineTransform transform = new AffineTransform(0.0, -1.0, 1.0,
				0.0, 0.0, sourceWidth);
		BufferedImage rotatedImage = new BufferedImage(sourceHeight,
				sourceWidth, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
		Graphics2D g = rotatedImage.createGraphics();
		g.drawImage(image, transform, null);
		g.dispose();
		int width = getWidth();
		return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(rotatedImage, top,
				sourceWidth - (left + width), getHeight(), width);
	}
}

QRCodeUtil.java的程序代码：

package com.yihaomen.barcode;

import java.awt.BasicStroke;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.Shape;
import java.awt.geom.RoundRectangle2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Random;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;
import com.google.zxing.BinaryBitmap;
import com.google.zxing.DecodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatReader;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter;
import com.google.zxing.Result;
import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
import com.google.zxing.common.HybridBinarizer;
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;

/**
 * 二维码工具类
 *
 */
public class QRCodeUtil {

	private static final String CHARSET = "utf-8";
	private static final String FORMAT_NAME = "JPG";
	// 二维码尺寸
	private static final int QRCODE_SIZE = 300;
	// LOGO宽度
	private static final int WIDTH = 60;
	// LOGO高度
	private static final int HEIGHT = 60;

	private static BufferedImage createImage(String content, String imgPath,
			boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
		Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object>();
		hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);
		hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
		hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1);
		BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(content,
				BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, QRCODE_SIZE, QRCODE_SIZE, hints);
		int width = bitMatrix.getWidth();
		int height = bitMatrix.getHeight();
		BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height,
				BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
		for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
			for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
				image.setRGB(x, y, bitMatrix.get(x, y) ? 0xFF000000
						: 0xFFFFFFFF);
			}
		}
		if (imgPath == null || "".equals(imgPath)) {
			return image;
		}
		// 插入图片
		QRCodeUtil.insertImage(image, imgPath, needCompress);
		return image;
	}

	/**
	 * 插入LOGO
	 *
	 * @param source
	 *   二维码图片
	 * @param imgPath
	 *   LOGO图片地址
	 * @param needCompress
	 *   是否压缩
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	private static void insertImage(BufferedImage source, String imgPath,
			boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
		File file = new File(imgPath);
		if (!file.exists()) {
			System.err.println(""+imgPath+" 该文件不存在！");
			return;
		}
		Image src = ImageIO.read(new File(imgPath));
		int width = src.getWidth(null);
		int height = src.getHeight(null);
		if (needCompress) { // 压缩LOGO
			if (width > WIDTH) {
				width = WIDTH;
			}
			if (height > HEIGHT) {
				height = HEIGHT;
			}
			Image image = src.getScaledInstance(width, height,
					Image.SCALE_SMOOTH);
			BufferedImage tag = new BufferedImage(width, height,
					BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
			Graphics g = tag.getGraphics();
			g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null); // 绘制缩小后的图
			g.dispose();
			src = image;
		}
		// 插入LOGO
		Graphics2D graph = source.createGraphics();
		int x = (QRCODE_SIZE - width) / 2;
		int y = (QRCODE_SIZE - height) / 2;
		graph.drawImage(src, x, y, width, height, null);
		Shape shape = new RoundRectangle2D.Float(x, y, width, width, 6, 6);
		graph.setStroke(new BasicStroke(3f));
		graph.draw(shape);
		graph.dispose();
	}

	/**
	 * 生成二维码(内嵌LOGO)
	 *
	 * @param content
	 *   内容
	 * @param imgPath
	 *   LOGO地址
	 * @param destPath
	 *   存放目录
	 * @param needCompress
	 *   是否压缩LOGO
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath,
			boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
		BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath,
				needCompress);
		mkdirs(destPath);
		String file = new Random().nextInt(99999999)+".jpg";
		ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, new File(destPath+"/"+file));
	}

	/**
	 * 当文件夹不存在时，mkdirs会自动创建多层目录，区别于mkdir．(mkdir如果父目录不存在则会抛出异常)
	 * @author lanyuan
	 * Email: mmm333zzz520@163.com
	 * @date 2013-12-11 上午10:16:36
	 * @param destPath 存放目录
	 */
	public static void mkdirs(String destPath) {
		File file =new File(destPath);
		//当文件夹不存在时，mkdirs会自动创建多层目录，区别于mkdir．(mkdir如果父目录不存在则会抛出异常)
		if (!file.exists() && !file.isDirectory()) {
			file.mkdirs();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 生成二维码(内嵌LOGO)
	 *
	 * @param content
	 *   内容
	 * @param imgPath
	 *   LOGO地址
	 * @param destPath
	 *   存储地址
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath)
			throws Exception {
		QRCodeUtil.encode(content, imgPath, destPath, false);
	}

	/**
	 * 生成二维码
	 *
	 * @param content
	 *   内容
	 * @param destPath
	 *   存储地址
	 * @param needCompress
	 *   是否压缩LOGO
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static void encode(String content, String destPath,
			boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
		QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath, needCompress);
	}

	/**
	 * 生成二维码
	 *
	 * @param content
	 *   内容
	 * @param destPath
	 *   存储地址
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static void encode(String content, String destPath) throws Exception {
		QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath, false);
	}

	/**
	 * 生成二维码(内嵌LOGO)
	 *
	 * @param content
	 *   内容
	 * @param imgPath
	 *   LOGO地址
	 * @param output
	 *   输出流
	 * @param needCompress
	 *   是否压缩LOGO
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static void encode(String content, String imgPath,
			OutputStream output, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
		BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath,
				needCompress);
		ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, output);
	}

	/**
	 * 生成二维码
	 *
	 * @param content
	 *   内容
	 * @param output
	 *   输出流
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static void encode(String content, OutputStream output)
			throws Exception {
		QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, output, false);
	}

	/**
	 * 解析二维码
	 *
	 * @param file
	 *   二维码图片
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static String decode(File file) throws Exception {
		BufferedImage image;
		image = ImageIO.read(file);
		if (image == null) {
			return null;
		}
		BufferedImageLuminanceSource source = new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(
				image);
		BinaryBitmap bitmap = new BinaryBitmap(new HybridBinarizer(source));
		Result result;
		Hashtable<DecodeHintType, Object> hints = new Hashtable<DecodeHintType, Object>();
		hints.put(DecodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
		result = new MultiFormatReader().decode(bitmap, hints);
		String resultStr = result.getText();
		return resultStr;
	}

	/**
	 * 解析二维码
	 *
	 * @param path
	 *   二维码图片地址
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static String decode(String path) throws Exception {
		return QRCodeUtil.decode(new File(path));
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		String text = "http://www.yihaomen.com";
		QRCodeUtil.encode(text, "c:/me.jpg", "c:/barcode", true);
	}
}

生成不带logo 的二维码

程序代码如下：

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
  String text = "http://www.dans88.com.cn";
  QRCodeUtil.encode(text,"","d:/MyWorkDoc",true);
}

运行这个测试方法，生成的二维码不带 logo , 样式如下:

有兴趣可以用手机扫描一下

生成带logo 的二维码

logo 可以用自己的头像，或者自己喜欢的一个图片都可以 , 采用如下代码，程序代码如下：

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
  String text = "http://www.dans88.com.cn";
  QRCodeUtil.encode(text, "d:/MyWorkDoc/my180.jpg", "d:/MyWorkDoc", true);
 } 

唯一的区别是，在前面的基础上指定了logo 的地址，这里测试都用了c盘的图片文件

用手机扫描，能出现要出现的文字，点击就进入自己的网站。

以上就是用JAVA 设计生成二维码,有兴趣的朋友可以参考下，谢谢大家对本站的支持！