docker 文件存放路径, 修改端口映射操作方式

如何获取容器的启动命令

容器早已创建好，如何得知它的启动参数(数据挂载到哪)

#假设通过如下命令启动了一个容器
docker run -d --name mysql_cdh \
-p 3306:3306 \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 \
-v mysql-data:/var/lib/mysql \
--restart=always \
mysql:5.5 --character-set-server=utf8
#如何通过容器名得知启动参数
[root@jenkins ~]# docker inspect mysql_cdh
[
 {
  "Id": "3aad772538b5e86705d3358362517a08d53f951aa6522e2881321135f05c8872",
  "Created": "2019-09-25T01:43:37.720505875Z",
  "Path": "docker-entrypoint.sh",
  "Args": [
   "--character-set-server=utf8"
  ],
  ...
  "Name": "/mysql_cdh",

	 	"HostConfig": {
	   "Binds": [
	    "mysql-data:/var/lib/mysql"
	   ],
	   ...
	   "NetworkMode": "default",
	   "PortBindings": {
	    "3306/tcp": [
	     {
	      "HostIp": "",
	      "HostPort": "3306"
	     }
	    ]
	   },
	   "RestartPolicy": {
	    "Name": "always",
	    "MaximumRetryCount": 0
	   },

 	"Mounts": [
	   {
	    "Type": "volume",
	    "Name": "mysql-data",
	    "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/mysql-data/_data",
	    "Destination": "/var/lib/mysql",
	    "Driver": "local",
	    "Mode": "z",
	    "RW": true,
	    "Propagation": ""
	   }
	  ],

		"Config": {
	   "Hostname": "3aad772538b5",
	    ...
	   "ExposedPorts": {
	    "3306/tcp": {}
	   },
				...
	   "Env": [
	    "MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456",
	    "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/scripts",
	    "GOSU_VERSION=1.7",
	    "MYSQL_MAJOR=5.5",
	    "MYSQL_VERSION=5.5.62"
	   ],
	   "Cmd": [
	    "--character-set-server=utf8"
	   ],

1, 容器层：文件存放路径

#1, 启动容器
[root@master ~]# docker run -d --name nginx2 nginx
a9c9f31cdccf13c3385f3de33443325d2e14d69458e6d679e54c8cf9e5ff24c8
#2, 获取容器id
[root@master ~]# docker inspect nginx2 | grep -i id
[root@master ~]# docker inspect nginx2 | grep -i id
  "Id": "a9c9f31cdccf13c3385f3de33443325d2e14d69458e6d679e54c8cf9e5ff24c8",
   "Pid": 2069,
  "ExecIDs": null,
   "ContainerIDFile": "",

#查看容器临时文件--每次创建时随机生成的文件(容器层)
# /var/lib/docker/containers/容器id
[root@master ~]# docker inspect nginx2 | grep -i path
 "Path": "nginx",
 "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a9c9f31cdccf13c3385f3de33443325d2e14d69458e6d679e54c8cf9e5ff24c8/resolv.conf",
 "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a9c9f31cdccf13c3385f3de33443325d2e14d69458e6d679e54c8cf9e5ff24c8/hostname",
 "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a9c9f31cdccf13c3385f3de33443325d2e14d69458e6d679e54c8cf9e5ff24c8/hosts",
 "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a9c9f31cdccf13c3385f3de33443325d2e14d69458e6d679e54c8cf9e5ff24c8/a9c9f31cdccf13c3385f3de33443325d2e14d69458e6d679e54c8cf9e5ff24c8-json.log",

后天修改容器端口

a, 先提交旧容器为新的镜像，再启动新容器

需要确保：数据卷映射完全一致（新旧的容器，在数据卷上要一致）

[root1@c7-docker ~]# docker inspect mysql_port |egrep -i 'volum|Mount' -A 2
   "Volumes": {
    "/var/lib/mysql": {}
   },
--
   "Volumes": {
    "/var/lib/mysql": {}
   },

保存容器为镜像，再启动新容器是，添加端口映射

############## 1, 启动一个容器 ##############
[root1@c7-docker ~]# docker run --name t1 -d -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -v mysql-test-dir:/var/lib/mysql/ -p 3308:3306 mysql:5.5
53f2a3c53d4c6769897ee484c3d2ff4e3f82ea1e390d4950b2162c08af05d7cc
[root1@c7-docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID  IMAGE        COMMAND     CREATED    STATUS    PORTS            NAMES
53f2a3c53d4c  mysql:5.5       "docker-entrypoint.s…" 3 seconds ago  Up 3 seconds  0.0.0.0:3308->3306/tcp        t1
[root1@c7-docker ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -P3308 --protocol tcp
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.62 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database   |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql    |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> create database test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> use test;
Database changed
MySQL [test]> create table t1(id int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MySQL [test]> insert into t1 values(1),(2),(3);
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
MySQL [test]> select * from t1;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

############## 2, 提交当前容器环境--保存为新的镜像 ##############
[root1@c7-docker ~]# docker commit -m mysql_test_chag-port_img t1 mysql_port
sha256:9f90be3c200c6a8b535478375c4caf86d589d231afae1293d28026f9248f8ae3
[root1@c7-docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY     TAG     IMAGE ID   CREATED    SIZE
mysql_port     latest    9f90be3c200c  3 seconds ago  205MB
mysql      5.5     d404d78aa797  18 months ago  205MB
############## 3, 停止旧容器, 启动新容器 ##############
[root1@c7-docker ~]# docker stop t1
t1
[root1@c7-docker ~]# docker run --name t2 -d -v mysql-test-dir:/var/lib/mysql/ -p 3309:3306 mysql_port
fd7cefe55db8bb2687ab044ff1473f0c935ac5ce867df81b3b13f570e9026868
[root1@c7-docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID  IMAGE        COMMAND     CREATED    STATUS    PORTS            NAMES
fd7cefe55db8  mysql_port      "docker-entrypoint.s…" 3 seconds ago  Up 2 seconds  0.0.0.0:3309->3306/tcp        t2
[root1@c7-docker ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -P3309 --protocol tcp
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.62 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
MySQL [(none)]> use test;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
MySQL [test]> select * from t1;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

b, 修改容器配置文件置文件：hostconfig.json

要先停止docker服务,否则不生效

通过容器层文件，找到配置文件hostconfig.json，修改容器映射的端口

[root@docker a9c9f31cd...ff24c8]# pwd
/var/lib/docker/containers/d93185e3a0....2e544ccfa
[root@docker a9c9f31cd...ff24c8]# cat hostconfig.json
{"Binds":["/dockersuperset:/home/superset"],"ContainerIDFile":"",
"LogConfig":{"Type":"json-file","Config":{}},"NetworkMode":"default",
"PortBindings":{"8088/tcp":[{"HostIp":"","HostPort":"8099"}]}......

2, 镜像层：文件存放路径

[root@master ~]# docker image inspect nginx |tail -n 22
  "GraphDriver": {
   "Data": {
    "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bf20cf788cc053f00ff1467525d50e19bd1cf07a2167f72511bdfcb28918a472/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/317d80bb7ae58ed288be9ebd84aeb5b4b3a1c06f3211f5d1f32d89b629d1876e/diff",
    "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7782d0eb292fdc8bbd73bf9bae2d65468e8aba0bcd6baed55ac348618b80ae16/merged",
    "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7782d0eb292fdc8bbd73bf9bae2d65468e8aba0bcd6baed55ac348618b80ae16/diff",
    "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7782d0eb292fdc8bbd73bf9bae2d65468e8aba0bcd6baed55ac348618b80ae16/work"
   },
   "Name": "overlay2"
  },

a, 容器层,镜像层：关联

I, 子容器：拷贝镜像的文件

II, 子容器：添加新文件

III, 子容器：修改由镜像拷贝的文件

b, 在镜像层(文件存储目录)， 修改配置文件

# 进入镜容器文件存储目录， 修改配置文件
[root@master d37ff828e6308...0c0599b]# ls diff/run/
nginx.pid
[root@master d37ff828e6308...0c0599b]# ls diff/var/cache/nginx/
client_temp fastcgi_temp proxy_temp scgi_temp uwsgi_temp
[root@master d37ff828e6308...0c0599b]# ls merged/
bin/  dev/  etc/  lib/  media/  opt/  root/  sbin/  sys/  usr/
boot/  .dockerenv home/  lib64/  mnt/  proc/  run/  srv/  tmp/  var/
[root@master d37ff828e6308...0c0599b]# ls merged/etc/nginx/
conf.d fastcgi_params koi-utf koi-win mime.types modules nginx.conf scgi_params uwsgi_params win-utf
[root@master d37ff828e6308...0c0599b]# head merged/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes 1;
#在此处修改配置文件，把user nginx; worker_process 1; 这两行的分号去掉，看容器里面的配置是否更改
[root@master d37ff828e6308...0c0599b]# head merged/etc/nginx/nginx.conf -n 3
user nginx
worker_processes 1
#登陆容器，查看修改的配置： 验证是否生效
[root@master d37ff828e6308...0c0599b]# docker exec -it nginx2 bash
root@a9c9f31cdccf:/# head /etc/nginx/nginx.conf -n 3
user nginx
worker_processes 1

3, 修改默认存储路径

a, 重建/var/lib/docker目录

#备份数据到新的存放路径
service docker stop
mkdir /docker.bak
mv /var/lib/docker/* /docker.bak
#创建软连接
mkdir /home/docker-data
mv /docker.bak/* /home/docker-data/ && rmdir /docker.bak
ln -s /home/docker-data /var/lib/docker

b, 修改配置

vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd --graph /new-path/docker
#reload配置文件
systemctl daemon-reload
#重启docker
systemctl restart docker.service

以上为个人经验，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持我们。如有错误或未考虑完全的地方，望不吝赐教。