Python从MySQL数据库中面抽取试题，生成试卷

一、背景

本文章主要是分享如何使用Python从MySQL数据库中面抽取试题，生成的试卷每一份都不一样。

二、准备工作

1.安装Python3

下载地址：https://www.python.org/downloads/windows/

2.安装库

pip install python-docx==0.8.10

pip install PyMySQL==1.0.2

3.试题库.xlsx

开发程序前需要先收集试题，本文是将试题收集存放MySQL数据库中，格式如下：

选择题数据库截图：

填空题/解答题/综合题数据库截图：

三、代码

Python+MySQL随机试卷及答案生成程序.py

# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
import random,os,pymysql
from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Inches,Pt
from docx.enum.text import WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH,WD_LINE_SPACING
from docx.oxml.ns import qn
from docx.shared import Inches

class SunckSql():
  def __init__(self, host, user, passwd, dbName='', charset='utf8'):
    self.host = host
    self.user = user
    self.passwd = passwd
    self.dbName = dbName
    self.charset = charset

  def connet(self):
    self.db = pymysql.connect(host=self.host, user=self.user, passwd=self.passwd, db=self.dbName,
                 charset=self.charset) # 连接数据库
    self.cursor = self.db.cursor() # 获取操作游标

  def close(self):
    self.cursor.close() # 释放游标
    self.db.close() # 关闭数据库连接

  # 查询
  def get_all(self, sql):
    res = None
    try:
      self.connet()
      self.cursor.execute(sql) # 执行sql语句
      res = self.cursor.fetchall() # 返回查询所有结果
    except Exception as e:
      print('查询失败:%s' % e)
    finally:
      self.close()
    return res

  # 增加、删除、修改
  def shell_sql(self, sql):
    "执行sql语句"
    print(sql)
    count = 0
    try:
      self.connet()
      count = self.cursor.execute(sql) # 执行sql语句
      self.db.commit() # 提交
    except Exception as e:
      print('事务提交失败:%s' % e)
      self.db.rollback() # 如果提交失败，回滚到上一次数据
    finally:
      self.close()
    return count

def router_docx(choice1='', choice2='', choice3='', choice5='', choice6='', choice7='',paper_path='',name='1'):
  "生成网络通信方向试题及答案"
  docx1 = Document()
  docx2 = Document()
  docx1.styles['Normal'].font.name = '宋体'                 #选择字体
  docx1.styles['Normal']._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '宋体') #默认字体
  docx1.styles['Normal'].font.size = Pt(11)                #默认字号大小
  docx1.styles['Normal'].paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(0)       #默认段前间距
  docx1.styles['Normal'].paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(0)       #默认段后间距
  docx1.styles['Normal'].paragraph_format.line_spacing_rule = WD_LINE_SPACING.ONE_POINT_FIVE  #默认单倍行距
  sec = docx1.sections[0]                         # sections对应文档中的“节”
  sec.left_margin = Inches(1)                       # 设置左页面边距
  sec.right_margin = Inches(1)                       #设置右页面边距
  sec.top_margin = Inches(0.5)                       # 设置上页面边距
  sec.bottom_margin = Inches(0.5)                     #设置下页面边距

  p=docx1.add_paragraph()                         #添加段落
  run = p.add_run('软件测试(网络通信)方向试题(%s)' % name)           #使用add_run添加文字
  run.font.name = '微软雅黑'                         #设置字体
  run._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '微软雅黑')         #设置字体
  run.font.size = Pt(18)                          #字体大小设置
  p.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER         #段落文字居中设置
  docx1.add_paragraph('【说明】')                      # 添加段落文字
  docx1.add_paragraph('1.笔试时间为60分钟。')
  docx1.add_paragraph('2.请将答案写在答题卡上,且不允许在试题卷上做任何涂写和标记。')
  q=docx2.add_paragraph()                         #添加段落
  run = q.add_run('软件测试(网络通信)方向试题答案(%s)' % name)          #使用add_run添加文字
  run.font.name = '微软雅黑'                         #设置字体
  run._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '微软雅黑')         #设置字体
  run.font.size = Pt(18)                          #字体大小设置
  q.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER         #段落文字居中设置

  p1 = docx1.add_paragraph()
  p1.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)                #设置段前间距
  docx2.add_paragraph('一、选择题')
  run = p1.add_run('一、选择题（每题3分共45分）')
  run.bold = True                             # 字体加粗
  list1=random.sample(range(0,len(choice1)-1),3)              #len范围内获取指定的数量
  x=1
  for y in list1:
    docx1.add_paragraph(str(x)+'、'+choice1[y][1])
    docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][2])
    docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][3])
    docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][4])
    p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][5])
    p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)              #段后间距
    docx2.add_paragraph(str(x)+'、'+choice1[y][6])
    x+=1

  list2=random.sample(range(0,len(choice2)-1),7)
  x=1
  for y in list2:
    docx1.add_paragraph(str(x+3)+'、'+choice2[y][1])
    docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][2])
    docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][3])
    docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][4])
    p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][5])
    p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)
    docx2.add_paragraph(str(x+3)+'、'+choice2[y][6])
    x+=1

  list3=random.sample(range(0,len(choice3)-1),5)
  x=1
  for y in list3:
    docx1.add_paragraph(str(x+10)+'、'+choice3[y][1])
    docx1.add_paragraph(choice3[y][2])
    docx1.add_paragraph(choice3[y][3])
    docx1.add_paragraph(choice3[y][4])
    p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice3[y][5])
    p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)
    docx2.add_paragraph(str(x+10)+'、'+choice3[y][6])
    x+=1

  p2 = docx1.add_paragraph()
  p2.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
  docx2.add_paragraph('二、填空题')
  run = p2.add_run('二、填空题（每题3分，共15分）')
  run.bold = True
  list2 = random.sample(range(0, len(choice5)-1), 5)
  i = 1
  for j in list2:
    docx1.add_paragraph(str(i) + '、' + choice5[j][1])
    docx2.add_paragraph(str(i) + '、' + str(choice5[j][2]))
    i += 1

  p3 = docx1.add_paragraph()
  p3.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
  docx2.add_paragraph('三、简答题')
  run = p3.add_run('三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）')
  run.bold = True
  list3 = random.sample(range(0, len(choice6)-1), 2)
  n = 1
  for m in list3:
    docx1.add_paragraph(str(n) + '、' + choice6[m][1])
    docx1.add_paragraph('\r')
    docx2.add_paragraph(str(n) + '、' + choice6[m][2])
    n += 1

  p4 = docx1.add_paragraph()
  p4.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
  docx2.add_paragraph('四、综合题')
  run = p4.add_run('四、综合题（共20分）')
  run.bold = True
  list4 = random.randint(0, len(choice7)-1)
  docx1.add_paragraph('1、' + choice7[list4][1])
  docx2.add_paragraph(choice7[list4][2])

  docx1.save(os.path.join(paper_path, '网络通信试题(%s).docx' % name))       #保存试题
  docx2.save(os.path.join(paper_path, '网络通信试题答案(%s).docx' % name))      #保存答案

def android_docx(choice1, choice2, choice4, choice5, choice6, choice8,paper_path,name):
  """生成智能终端方向的试题"""
  docx1 = Document()
  docx2 = Document()
  docx1.styles['Normal'].font.name = '宋体'                    #选择字体
  docx1.styles['Normal']._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '宋体')     #默认字体
  docx1.styles['Normal'].font.size = Pt(11)                    #默认字号大小
  docx1.styles['Normal'].paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(0)          #默认段前间距
  docx1.styles['Normal'].paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(0)           #默认段后间距
  docx1.styles['Normal'].paragraph_format.line_spacing_rule = WD_LINE_SPACING.ONE_POINT_FIVE  #默认单倍行距
  sec = docx1.sections[0]                             # sections对应文档中的“节”
  sec.left_margin = Inches(1)                           # 设置左页面边距
  sec.right_margin = Inches(1)                          #设置右页面边距
  sec.top_margin = Inches(0.5)                          # 设置上页面边距
  sec.bottom_margin = Inches(0.5)                         #设置下页面边距

  p=docx1.add_paragraph()                             #添加段落
  run = p.add_run('软件测试(智能终端)方向试题(%s)' % name)               #使用add_run添加文字
  run.font.name = '微软雅黑'                            #设置字体
  run._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '微软雅黑')             #设置字体
  run.font.size = Pt(18)                             #字体大小设置
  p.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER            #段落文字居中设置
  docx1.add_paragraph('【说明】')                          # 添加段落文字
  docx1.add_paragraph('1.笔试时间为60分钟。')
  docx1.add_paragraph('2.请将答案写在答题卡上,且不允许在试题卷上做任何涂写和标记。')
  q = docx2.add_paragraph()                            # 添加段落
  run = q.add_run('软件测试(智能终端)方向试题答案(%s)' % name)             # 使用add_run添加文字
  run.font.name = '微软雅黑'                            # 设置字体
  run._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '微软雅黑')             # 设置字体
  run.font.size = Pt(18)                             # 字体大小设置
  q.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER            # 段落文字居中设置

  p1 = docx1.add_paragraph()
  p1.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)                    #设置段前间距
  docx2.add_paragraph('一、选择题')
  run = p1.add_run('一、选择题（每题3分共45分）')
  run.bold = True                                 # 字体加粗
  list1=random.sample(range(0,len(choice1)-1),3)
  x=1
  for y in list1:
    docx1.add_paragraph(str(x)+'、'+choice1[y][1])
    docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][2])
    docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][3])
    docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][4])
    p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][5])
    p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)                 #段后间距
    docx2.add_paragraph(str(x)+'、'+choice1[y][6])
    x+=1

  list2=random.sample(range(0,len(choice2)-1),7)
  x=1
  for y in list2:
    docx1.add_paragraph(str(x+3)+'、'+choice2[y][1])
    docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][2])
    docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][3])
    docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][4])
    p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][5])
    p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)
    docx2.add_paragraph(str(x+3)+'、'+choice2[y][6])
    x+=1

  list3=random.sample(range(0,len(choice4)-1),5)
  x=1
  for y in list3:
    docx1.add_paragraph(str(x+10)+'、'+choice4[y][1])
    docx1.add_paragraph(choice4[y][2])
    docx1.add_paragraph(choice4[y][3])
    docx1.add_paragraph(choice4[y][4])
    p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice4[y][5])
    p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)
    docx2.add_paragraph(str(x+10)+'、'+choice4[y][6])
    x+=1

  p2 = docx1.add_paragraph()
  p2.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
  docx2.add_paragraph('二、填空题')
  run = p2.add_run('二、填空题（每题3分，共15分）')
  run.bold = True
  list2 = random.sample(range(0, len(choice5)-1), 5)
  i = 1
  for j in list2:
    docx1.add_paragraph(str(i) + '、' + choice5[j][1])
    docx2.add_paragraph(str(i) + '、' + str(choice5[j][2]))
    i += 1

  p3 = docx1.add_paragraph()
  p3.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
  docx2.add_paragraph('三、简答题')
  run = p3.add_run('三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）')
  run.bold = True
  list3 = random.sample(range(0, len(choice6)-1), 2)
  n = 1
  for m in list3:
    docx1.add_paragraph(str(n) + '、' + choice6[m][1])
    docx1.add_paragraph('\r')
    docx2.add_paragraph(str(n) + '、' + choice6[m][2])
    n += 1

  p4 = docx1.add_paragraph()
  p4.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
  docx2.add_paragraph('四、综合题')
  run = p4.add_run('四、综合题（共20分）')
  run.bold = True
  list4 = random.randint(0, len(choice8)-1)
  docx1.add_paragraph('1、' + choice8[list4][1])
  docx2.add_paragraph(choice8[list4][2])

  docx1.save(os.path.join(paper_path, '智能终端试题(%s).docx' % name))
  docx2.save(os.path.join(paper_path, '智能终端试题答案(%s).docx' % name))

def main(ip,name,passwd,db_name):
  paper_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), '试卷')  #试卷存放路径
  if not os.path.exists(paper_path):
    os.mkdir(paper_path)                            #创建试卷文件夹
  my = SunckSql(ip,name,passwd,db_name)                     #连接数据库
  choice1 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % '计算机基础选择题')           #查询数据库中的试题
  choice2 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % '测试基础选择题')
  choice3 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % '网络通信选择题')
  choice4 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % '智能终端选择题')
  choice5 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % '填空题')
  choice6 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % '简答题')
  choice7 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % '网络通信综合题')
  choice8 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % '智能终端综合题')
  for i in range(1,4):                              #同时生成3份试卷及答案
    router_docx(choice1, choice2, choice3, choice5, choice6, choice7, paper_path, i)
    android_docx(choice1, choice2, choice4, choice5, choice6, choice8, paper_path, i)

if __name__ == "__main__":
  main(ip='数据库ip地址', name='mysql账号', passwd='mysql密码', db_name='软件测试试题库')

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