Android入门之使用OKHttp组件访问网络资源
目录
- 简介
- 课程目标
- 代码
- 菜单res\menu\pop_menu.xml
- 主UI界面
- MainActivity
简介
今天的课程开始进入高级课程类了,我们要开始接触网络协议、设备等领域编程了。在今天的课程里我们会使用OKHttp组件来访问网络资源而不是使用Android自带的URLConnection。一个是OKHttp组件更方便二个是OKHttp组件本身就带有异步回调功能。
下面就进入课程。
课程目标
我们的课程目标有4个点:
- 使用OKHttp组件;
- 使用OKHttp组件加载网络图片显示在APP的ImgView里;
- 使用OKHttp组件加载给定网页代码显示在ScrollView里;
- 使用OKHttp组件加载给定网页显示在WebView里;
以上过程都为异步加载。
代码前在gradle里要先声明对于OKHttp组件的引用
要使用OKHttp组件,我们必须要在build.gradle中加入以下语句:
implementation 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.10.0'
以下是加完上述语句后的build.gradle。
访问网络资源需要给到APP以权限
我们因为要访问网络资源,因此我们需要给到APP以相应的权限。编辑AndroidManifest.xml文件,并加入以下两行声明。
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />
加完后的AndroidManifest.xml长这样
代码
菜单res\menu\pop_menu.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> <item android:id="@+id/menuItemDisplayPic" android:title="加载图片" /> <item android:id="@+id/menuItemDisplayHtmlCode" android:title="加载网页代码" /> <item android:id="@+id/menuItemDisplayHtmlPage" android:title="加载网页" /> </menu>
主UI界面
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" tools:context=".MainActivity"> <Button android:id="@+id/buttonShowMenu" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_below="@+id/textColor" android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" android:layout_marginTop="10dp" android:text="展示弹出菜单" /> <ImageView android:id="@+id/imgPic" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:visibility="gone" /> <ScrollView android:id="@+id/scroll" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:visibility="gone"> <TextView android:id="@+id/htmlTxt" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> </ScrollView> <WebView android:id="@+id/webView" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" /> </LinearLayout>
MainActivity
package org.mk.android.demo.http; import androidx.annotation.NonNull; import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.graphics.Bitmap; import android.graphics.BitmapFactory; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.Message; import android.util.Log; import android.view.MenuItem; import android.view.View; import android.webkit.WebView; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.ImageView; import android.widget.PopupMenu; import android.widget.ScrollView; import android.widget.TextView; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.nio.charset.Charset; import okhttp3.OkHttpClient; import okhttp3.Call; import okhttp3.Callback; import okhttp3.Request; import okhttp3.Response; import okhttp3.ResponseBody; import okio.Buffer; import okio.BufferedSource; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private String TAG = "DemoOkHttp"; private Button buttonShowMenu; private TextView htmlTxt; private ImageView imgPic; private WebView webView; private ScrollView scroll; private Bitmap bitmap; private String htmlContents; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); buttonShowMenu = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonShowMenu); htmlTxt = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.htmlTxt); imgPic = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.imgPic); webView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.webView); scroll = (ScrollView) findViewById(R.id.scroll); buttonShowMenu.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View view) { PopupMenu popup = new PopupMenu(MainActivity.this, buttonShowMenu); popup.getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.pop_menu, popup.getMenu()); popup.setOnMenuItemClickListener(new MenuItemClick()); popup.show(); } }); } // 定义一个隐藏所有控件的方法: private void hideAllWidget() { imgPic.setVisibility(View.GONE); scroll.setVisibility(View.GONE); webView.setVisibility(View.GONE); } private class MenuItemClick implements PopupMenu.OnMenuItemClickListener { @Override public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) { String imgPath = "https://gimg2.baidu.com/image_search/src=http%3A%2F%2Fimg.alicdn.com%2Fi2%2F2542318073%2FO1CN01fJvTi029VTwR16EvP_%21%212542318073.jpg&refer=http%3A%2F%2Fimg.alicdn.com&app=2002&size=f9999,10000&q=a80&n=0&g=0n&fmt=auto?sec=1673938156&t=69e5ee87fbf4b81b5f6eea53ed5b5158"; String htmlPagePath = "https://www.baidu.com"; switch (item.getItemId()) { case R.id.menuItemDisplayPic: downLoadImgFromPath(imgPath); break; case R.id.menuItemDisplayHtmlCode: getHtmlAsync(htmlPagePath, 102); break; case R.id.menuItemDisplayHtmlPage: getHtmlAsync(htmlPagePath, 103); break; } return true; } } private Handler httpHandler = new Handler(new Handler.Callback() { @Override public boolean handleMessage(@NonNull Message msg) { Log.i(TAG, ">>>>>>receive handler Message msg.what is: " + msg.what); switch (msg.what) { case 101: hideAllWidget(); imgPic.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); Log.i(TAG, "begin to show img from bitmap type's data"); imgPic.setImageBitmap(bitmap); break; case 102: hideAllWidget(); Log.i(TAG, "begin to show html contents"); scroll.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); Log.d(TAG, ">>>>>>htmlContents->\n" + htmlContents); htmlTxt.setText(htmlContents); break; case 103: hideAllWidget(); Log.i(TAG, "begin to show html page in webview"); webView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); Log.d(TAG, ">>>>>>htmlContents->\n" + htmlContents); webView.loadDataWithBaseURL("", htmlContents, "text/html", "UTF-8", ""); break; } return false; } }); /** * 使用okhttp 异步下载图片 */ private void downLoadImgFromPath(String path) { OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient(); Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(path) .build(); Log.i(TAG, ">>>>>>into doanloadImgFromPath method"); try { Call call = client.newCall(request); // 使用client去请求 call.enqueue(new Callback() { // 回调方法,>>> 可以获得请求结果信息 InputStream inputStream = null; @Override public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) { Log.e(TAG, ">>>>>>下载失败", e); } @Override public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException { Log.i(TAG, ">>>>>>into onResponse method"); try { inputStream = response.body().byteStream(); Log.i(TAG, ">>>>>>the response code is: " + response.code()); if (200 == response.code()) { bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(inputStream); Log.i(TAG, ">>>>>>sendEmptyMessage 101 to handler"); httpHandler.sendEmptyMessage(101); } else { Log.i(TAG, ">>>>>>下载失败"); } } catch (Exception e) { Log.e(TAG, ">>>>>>okHttp onResponse error: " + e.getMessage(), e); } finally { try { inputStream.close(); } catch (Exception e) { } } } }); } catch (Exception e) { Log.e(TAG, ">>>>>>OkHttp调用失败", e); } } //异步不需要创建线程 private void getHtmlAsync(String path, int handlerCode) { OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient(); Request request = new Request.Builder().url(path).build(); //请求的call对象 Call call = client.newCall(request); //异步请求 call.enqueue(new Callback() { //失败的请求 @Override public void onFailure(@NonNull Call call, @NonNull IOException e) { Log.e(TAG, ">>>>>>加载path失败", e); } //结束的回调 @Override public void onResponse(@NonNull Call call, @NonNull Response response) throws IOException { //响应码可能是404也可能是200都会走这个方法 Log.i(TAG, ">>>>>>the response code is: " + response.code()); if (200 == response.code()) { try { ResponseBody responseBody = response.body(); BufferedSource source = responseBody.source(); source.request(Long.MAX_VALUE); Buffer buffer = source.buffer(); Charset UTF8 = Charset.forName("UTF-8"); htmlContents = buffer.clone().readString(UTF8); Log.i(TAG, ">>>>>>sendEmptyMessage " + handlerCode + " to handler"); httpHandler.sendEmptyMessage(handlerCode); Log.i(TAG, "getAsyncHtmlGet成功"); } catch (Exception e) { Log.e(TAG, ">>>>>>read htmlPage error: " + e.getMessage(), e); } } } }); } }
核心代码导读
我们使用的是
Call call = client.newCall(request);
它本身就是支持异步的一个调用。 然后在得到相应的Http报文后使用一个Handler向APP主界面发起改变界面中内容的调用。
这边有一点需要注意的是OKHttp在返回的response.body()这个API,在一次请求里只能被使用一次。即如果你已经有以下一句类似的调用:
inputStream = response.body().byteStream();
你就不能再在它以下的语句中调用一次response.body()了。
自己动一下手试试看效果吧。
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